IV. GEORGE ORWELL’S Burmese Days – English Literature II
Activities:
1. Work collaboratively in groups.
2. What are your initial impressions of the characters in Burmese Days? Do they develop through the novel or are they static? If they are developing characters, how do they change and why? Are there any similarities or differences between this set of characters and those of E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India? As you make progress through the pages of this novel, take down notes on all the characters you encounter.
In your notes, include
- Traits of personality
- Physical features
- Their philosophical outlooks ( how they see life, the “Others” ( in this case, the Burmese), their own countrymen, love, sex, their place in the world, the place where they are living at the moment, etc.
- Gestures, speech, and mannerisms that characterise them
- 3.Setting: How well does the writer help you to visualise the setting? Make a note of any descriptive passages which you think are particularly effective in creating a vivid sense of place and time. Does the setting seem to be just a background against which the action takes place – for example, because it is concerned with historical events or with the interrelationship between people and their environment? Can you make any connections between these settings and the ones in A Passage to India? (Even if the novels take place in different countries, India and Burma – now, Myanmar /mjanˈmɑː/– both countries were colonised by the same people and both are in Asia).
4. Themes: What themes seem to be emerging? Can you find links with those themes in Forster’s novel?
5.Style: Is the story told by a narrator who is also a character in the stories, referring to herself/himself as “I” (first person narrative) or is he/she anonymous and detached from the action (third-person narrative)
How is this novel inscribed within MODERNISM? What makes it modern?
Note down any interesting or striking uses of language, such as powerful words, motifs, metaphors, or images which evoke a sense of atmosphere. Compare and contrast them with Forster’s use of language. You will need to re-read the essays on A Passage to India to help you.
6.Your personal response:
Has the novel made you think about or influenced your views on its themes and characters?
How has the novel informed your views on Colonialism and Post-Colonialism? What have you enjoyed or admired most about both novels (or least) and why?
In order to give your opinion, find critical essays on Burmese Days that can help you say what you want to say. Find information about George Orwell to help you understand his bitter satire against the British Empire. The essays on A Passage to India can be useful as well.
Blog: You are expected to write a summary of your findings for the Blog with your group. It should be no longer than 1,500 words. It must include all the items above and quotes from the novel to illustrate your conclusions.
- Remember to include REFERENCES, with a list of sources quoted and the names of the members of the group at the end of your post.
- Deadline : SAT 10th, NOVEMBER, 2018 - 11:00 A.M.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteCharacters:
ReplyDeleteElizabeth: After the death of her mother, Elizabeth, a young woman of twenty two years old, moves to Burma to stay with her uncles. She is keen on wealth and power and she expects to find an European husband due to the fact that she dislikes the natives. At the end of the novel, she is seen/behaves as a white woman living in a colonial empire, she is arrogant, tyrannical and prejudiced.
"Her face was oval with delicate, regular features, not beautiful, perhaps, but it seemed so there, in Burma; where all English women are yellow and thin" (Orwell 83).
There is a short period in everyone’s life when his character is fixed forever; with Elizabeth, it was those two terms during which she rubbed shoulders with the rich. Thereafter her whole code of living was summed up in one belief, and that a simple one. It was the Good (‘‘lovely’’ was her name for it) is synonymous with the expensive, the elegant, the aristocratic; and the bad (‘‘beastly’’) is the cheap, the low, the shabby, the laborious (Orwell 92).
"Her servants live in terror of her (...) She fills with complete success the position for which nature had designed her from the first, that of a burra memsahib" (Orwell 300).
Ma Hla May: She is a native woman, young, tiny and beautiful. She becomes Flory’s mistress, she does not love him but she takes advantage of the status that being with a white man gives her. Then, Flory left her for Elizabeth. She is used by U Po Kyin against Flory… Finally, she becomes a prostitute and she is mistreated.
"Her tiny, straight, slender body was as contourless as a bas-relief carved upon a tree. She was like a doll, with her oval, still face the colour of new copper, and her narrow eyes; an outlandish doll and yet a grotesquely beautiful one" (Orwell 51).
"Flory’s embraces meant nothing to her (...) Sometimes she had even put love filters in his food. It was the idle concubines life that she loved, and the visits to her village dresses in all her finery, when she could boast of her position as a bo-kadaw- a white man’s wife, for she had persuaded everyone, herself included, that she was Flory’s legal wife" (Orwell 53).
"In a week - it was only a week - her appearance had degenerated extraordinarily. Her hair looked greasy. All her lockets were gone, and she was wearing a Manchester longyi of flowered cotton, costing two rupees eight annas" (Orwell 157-158).
Verral: An attractive, distant and imperious young man. He is a policeman and he is sent to the town of Kyauktada in order to lead the Military Police. He does not get on well with the other Europeans. He is fond of playing polo.
ReplyDeleteHe was a youth of about twenty five, lank but very straight, and manifestly a cavalry officer. He had one of those rabbit like faces, common among English soldiers, with pale blue eyes and a little triangle of four teeth visible between the lips; yet hard, fearless and even brutal in a careless fashion (...) He sat his horse as though he were part of it, and he loooked offensively young and fit (Orwell 190).
"Women he abhorred. In his view they were a kind of siren whose one aim was to lure men away from polo and enmesh them in tea fights and tennis parties. He was not, however, quite proof against women. He was young, and women of nearly all kinds threw themselves at his head; now and again he succumbed" (Orwell 211).
"More days passed, and Verral made no move to join in the local society. He had even neglected his official calls, not even bothering to present himself at Mr. Macgregor’s office (...) The Europeans only saw him at morning and evening on the maidan. (…) He took not the smallest notice of any Europeans who passed down the road" (Orwell 208).
Ellis: He is an European merchant. He hates the natives and he is really cruel with them, he is constantly looking for a reason to condemn them. For this reason, during a rebellion he is nearly killed by the natives.
"Ellis, local manager of yet another company, was standing before the notice-board studying some notice with the look of bitter concentration. He was a tiny wiry-haired fellow with a pale sharp featured face and restless movements" (Orwell, 17).
Do what you like outside the Club. But, by God, it’s a different matter when you talk of bringing niggers in here. I suppose you’d like little Veraswamy for a Club member, eh? Chipping into our conversation and pawing everyone with his sweaty hands and breathing his filthy garlic breath in our faces. By God, he’d go out with my boot behind him if I ever saw his black snout inside that door (Orwell 21).
"Surely we aren’t starting that over again? Talk about electing a damned nigger to this Club, after everything that’s happened! Good God, I thought even Flory had dropped it by this time" (Orwell 242).
Setting
ReplyDeleteOne striking characteristic of George Orwell's writing is the way he uses words that appeal to the senses in order to give a vivid picture of how the citizens of Kyauktada feel. The writer places particular emphasis on the oppressive heat of Burma. "Flory’s house was at the top of the maidan, close to the edge of the jungle. From the gates, the maidan slopped sharply down, scorched and khaki-coloured, with half a dozen dazzling wide bungalows scattered round it. All quaked, shivered in the hot air" (Orwell 14).
"Kyauktada was a fairly typical Upper Burma town (…) with their army of fat but ravenous pleaders, a hospital, a school and one of those huge, durable jails which the English have built everywhere between Gibraltar and Hong Kong" (Orwell 15).
He acclimatized himself to Burma. His body grew attuned to the strange rhythms of the tropical seasons. Every year from February to May the sun glared in the sky like an angry God, then suddenly the monsoon blew eastwards, first in sharp squalls, then in a heavy sisless downpour that drenched everything until neither ones clothes, ones bed nor even ones food ever seemed to be dry (Orwell 66).
Theme: The Difficulty of English-Indian Friendship
ReplyDeleteIn Burmese Days, one of the predominant topics that Orwell explores is the difficulty of developing a friendship between Europeans and Natives, even in the context of colonialism. In the same way that Aziz and Fielding in A Passage to India have to face many obstacles that impede their friendship; in Burmese Days, Flory and Dr. Veraswamy have to cope with the bad auguries that the English made as regards their friendship. “But Flory will desert his friend quickly enough when the trouble begins. These people have no feeling of loyalty towards the native” (Orwell 9).
“I don’t care if you choose to pal up with the scum of the bazaar. If it pleases you to go to Veraswami’s house and drink whisky with all his niggers pals, that’s your look-out. Do what you like outside the Club. But, by God, it’s a different matter when you talk of bringing niggers in here” (Orwell 21).
“You all seem to like the dirty black brutes. Christ, I don’t know what has come over us all” (Orwell 23).
Style:
ReplyDeleteModernism was a literary movement that appeared as a response to the disillusion with some attitudes of the Victorian Era, such as conservatism, certainty and objective truth. The principal features of this movement that can be observed in Burmese days are the following:
During the 30’s, socialism or communism were considered the best solution to the economic crisis that affected the whole country. Flory was taken as a Bolshie, which is an offensive term used to describe Communists. He supported the idea that we are all equal, including the natives. "He’s a bit too Bolshie for my taste. I can’t bear a fellow who pals up with the natives. I shouldn't wonder if he’s got a lick of the tarbush himself. It might explain that black mark in his face. Piebald. And he looks like a yellow belly, with that black hair and skin the colour of a lemon" (Orwell 32).
Modernity changed the prescripted old order and people began to doubt about previous assumptions. Thus, a common theme in modern literature is ‘alienation’, men do not find any valuable reason for living and they have a loss of identity. In Burmese Days, Flory feels like an alien in the society in which he lives. Although he is an European, he does not agree with the way in which the natives are mistreated. "The first thing that one noticed in Flory was a hideous birthmark stretching in a ragged crescent down his left cheek, from the eye to the corner of the mouth (…) He was quite aware of its hideousness. And at all times, when he was not alone, there was a sidelongness about his movements as he manoeuvred constantly to keep the birthmark out of side" (Orwell 14).
In 1914, Britain dominated a quarter of the world. However, after the Second World War, she lost its empire. Britain had to face many rebellions. In Burmese Days, the natives revealed against the British. "Next morning there was great excitement in Kyauktada for the long rumoured rebellion had at last broken out" (Orwell 232).
Personal response:
ReplyDeleteFor the above-mentioned arguments, we firmly believe that George Orwell’s attitude in Burmese Days is admirable because he generates revolutionary ideas and expresses them freely, thus denouncing the injustice, oppression and political corruption of the British Empire towards the Burmese. In order to warn of the dangers of ambitious figures, corrupt governmental control, and the recurrence of vicious tyrannies, the writer uses stunning imagery and bitter satire against the British. Another fascinating aspect of the novel that we can emphasize is the plot constructed by Orwell, which kept us on the edge of our seats. However, we were struck by its tragic ending, in which Flory kills his dog, and finally commits suicide.
-AMHERDT, BÁRBARA
-DOCTEUR, NOEMÍ MAGALÍ
- MAGLIER, AGUSTINA
Group 1: Amherdt, Bárbara; Docteur, Noemí; Maglier, Agustina
DeleteLANGUAGE: there are some minor mistakes but they do not impede understanding. E.g. “the natives revealed against the British…” ( you meant to say “rebelled”).
There are moments in your narrative in which you switch from present tense into past tense. You should have been coherent in your choice of tenses (Present tenses are always preferred) unless you were narrating an event occurring in the past. E.g.: “He does not get on well with the other Europeans. He is fond of playing polo. He was a youth of about twenty five,…”
SOURCES: Although you have emailed me your various sources, you haven’t acknowledged them in the post, where only Orwell is quoted. Neither have you written a REFERENCES list.
GENERAL APPRAISAL: In spite of your omissions, your analysis has been carefully performed and is well-thought-out. You have provided clear examples of the different topics you discussed, thus passing this instance of evaluation. Good job!
CHARACTERS
ReplyDelete1. U Po Kyin: is a grotesquely fat Sub-divisional Magistrate in Kyauktada, Upper Burma (Burmese Days 1). When seventeen, Kyin tried for a Government appointment but failed, remaining poor and friendless; “to fight on the side of the British, to become a parasite upon them, had been his ruling ambition, even as a child”. However, he has grown powerful due to his impressive methods of manipulation. Po Kyin is a 56-years-old Buddhist, and the "U" in his name came as a mark of respect in Burmese society (Burmese Days 2-3). Despite the fact that "according to Buddhist belief those who have done evil in their lives will spend the next incarnation in the shape of a rat, frog, or some other low animal", the Magistrate feels that he can perform any terrible act as he plans committing the rest of his life to good works as a sort of balance to the very much evil he has done in his life (Burmese Days 3-4). “As he walked he talked, in the base jargon of the Government offices” formulating a plan to destroy Dr Veraswami, to ruin his well-earned reputation and eliminate him as a potential candidate of the European Club, as a means of obtaining the membership for himself (Burmese Days 7). U Po Kyin believes that the scheme he designed will be successful as “no European has any faith in a black face”, because “when a man has a black face, suspicion is proof” (Burmese Days 8-9). The Club is “the spiritual citadel, the real seat of the British power, the Nirvana for … native officials and millionaires” (Burmese Days 14). It is not until Flory’s death (Burmese Days 294) that U Po Kyin earns a place in the European Club (Burmese Days 297). Unfortunately, soon after his admission into the club and before building the pagodas, he dies (Burmese Days 299). Through the character of U Po Kyin, “Orwell was able to portray the human abuses produced by imperialism” (Keck 39).
2. Mr Macgregor: In Burmese Days we learn that Mr Macgregor is a “Fine Old English Gentleman ... a family man”, besides, he has children with multiple woman (Burmese Days 6). He works as “the Deputy Commissioner and Secretary of the Club”. (Burmese Days 6) As regards his appearance he is described as “ a large, heavy man, rather past forty, with a kindly, puggy face, wearing gold-rimmed spectacles. His bulky shoulders, and a trick he had of thrusting his head forward, reminded one curiously of a turtle” (Burmese Days 25).
Macgregor’s “had no prejudice against Orientals”, in fact, he likes them because he feels pity for them since they “were given no freedom” and disliked when others call them “niggers” (Burmese Days 8). Another thing that he detested was “bloodshed and martial law”.
3. Veraswami is the Civil Surgeon and Superintendent of the jail. The doctor is a small, black, plump man with fuzzy hair and round, credulous eyes who wears steel-rimmed spectacles. His voice is eager and bubbling, with a hissing of the s's. People consider him a very clever doctor. Furthermore, he is a very close friend of Flory’s, an Englishman, which gives him prestige. He is an anglophile, a passionate admirer of English culture, even when Englishmen have repeatedly shown contempt towards the Burmese. Apart from that, he has strong feelings and truly believes in British justice. Dr. Veraswami thinks that Burma is better off being colonized by the British who are civilizing them and elevating them to the English level, which has brought law and order to superstitious and chaotic Burma. Trade, railways, forests, machinery, ships and roads have actually improved since they are part of the British colonies.
ReplyDelete4. Flory is timber merchant, a heavy drinker and a close friend of Dr. Veraswami’s. He is a man about thirty-five, of middle height. He has black, stiff hair and a black moustache. His skin is naturally sallow and his face was very haggard with lank and sunken cheeks. However, the first thing one notices about his face is an ugly dark blue birthmark on his left cheek from his eye to the corner of his mouth, which he is very self-conscious about. He always tries hard to hide it by turning the birthmark away from people.
Although part of it, he can’t stand the Club because he hates hypocrisy and he thinks that booze is the only thing that prevents them from stop pretending to be friends and kill each other. He is very criticized about his left-wing-like personality (the reason why they call him Bolshie).
He doesn’t think much about the English pride and civilization that characterizes the English. He claims that the English are there to steal from the Burmese while acting as if they mean well. He is an alien among his fellows and among the colonized Burma, which, according to him, would have been better in the days of Thibaw.
STYLE
ReplyDeleteModernism: it is literary movement from the beginnigs of the XX Century until approximately 1965, developed from a general feeling of disappointment over the traditional Victorian ways of viewing and interacting with the world (certainty, conservatism, objective truth) (García Landa).
In Burmese Days we find these features about Modernism:
1.Narrator: The story is told by an anonymous, third-person omniscient narrator, which tells us that the author assumes an omniscient perspective, as he knows everything. The narrator dives into the characters’ private thoughts and emotions, and narrates secret or hidden events as well. In this way, Orwell enables us to see not only into the minds of multiple characters but their reactions, which help us interpret the plot (LiteraryDevices).
2.Racism: In Burmese Days, Orwell’s critical views on colonialism, racism and the English life in Burma illustrates the superiority of the White British colonizers over the non-white native colonized Burmese and Indians (Keck 28). The British colonizers are represented as extremely self-centred and racist towards the Burmese. Natives are labelled by some characters as “little pot-bellied niggers”, “a set of damn black swine”, “dirty black brutes” (Burmese Days 20,21,23). Moreover, natives are not allowed to join the Club and any attempt made to join is met by a fierce racist rejection; however, the European Club is ordered to admit at least one non-white native but this change cannot be tolerated by some white-men who express their discontent by claiming: “I’ll die in the ditch before I’ll see a nigger in here” and “… Here we are, supposed to be governing a set of damn black swine who’ve been slaves since the beginning of history, and instead of ruling them in the only way they understand, we go and treat them as equals”. (Burmese Days 20,22).
3.Alienation: this characteristic of Modern literature has to do with the breaking of the “old order”, questioning old beliefs about the individual, society, religion (García Landa). In this sense, many divisions occur within a culture, making the characters feel alienated. This is particularly the case of Flory, as he does not fit anywhere, neither Burma nor Britain: “...what a bit of luck your coming to Kyauktada! You can’t imagine the difference it makes...in these places. After months of our own miserable society...” and “He had been watching the scene almost with detachment…” (Orwell 86,259).
4.Freud’s influence
One important aspect of modernism is the way the Freudian ideas concerned with the understanding of rationality and personal development influenced in literature. The subconscious is the main concern of modern literature.
In Burmese Days, a clear distinction between the usurpation of Burmese lands and the Burmese females can be found. Flory is considered to be the most amiable and open-minded of the characters. However, he tends to have an abusive attitude towards women and sexually harass them.
Ma Hla May is known as his mistress. They have a mainly sexual relationship where she receives money or expensive gifts in exchange and then she has to go, treating her heartlessly. Flory uses Ma Hla May to satisfy his needs and desires, as well as the British do with the Burmese land. Since he sees her as a throwaway thing, he abandons her with the passage of time as if she does not mean anything and has no value at all.
However, Ma Hla May tries to gain all the financial advantages as possible. Due to the fact that Flory is a British man, she feels very proud of their casual relationship.
A clear example of a sexual instance together with an abusive attitude coming from Flory is “‘Go away’, he said, ‘I don’t want to at this time of the day’. … ‘You loved me in those days’” (Orwell 52).
ReplyDeleteImagery:
Metaphors (figure of speech which consists on comparing two dissimilar things but that share some characteristics).
In Burmese Days, we can find instances in which metaphors reflects the struggle for power between Burmese and English people. The best example is the European Club which is described as “the spiritual citadel, the real seat of the British power, the Nirvana for which native officials and millionaires pine in vain” (Orwell 14). The comparison of the Club with a Nirvana suggests that it has the power to transform the natives in the same way Nirvana is believed by the Buddhists to transform the human being into a state of spiritual non-existence, by removing all personal wishes, the club is perceived to provide the natives a new status that rids them of racial inferiority but Kyauktada club is not the case.
SETTING
The story is set in the district of Kyauktada, in Burma (currently Myanmar) which is a country, colonised by the British Empire, in Asia. Throughtout the plot we can distinguish different locations, such as the jungle, the town, the European Club, the hospital, the bazaar, to name a few. There are several instances where the author helps us visualise the setting, being the most significant:
“Flory’s house was at the top of the maidan, close to the edge of the jungle. From the gate the maidan sloped sharply down, scorched and khaki.coloured, with half a dozen dazzling white bungalows scattered round it… There was an English cemetery within a white wall half-way down the hill, and near by a tiny tin-roofed church. Beyond that was the European Club, …Beyond the Club, the Irrawaddy flowed huge and ochreous, glittering like diamonds in the patches that caught the sun; beyond the river stretched great wastes of paddy fields, ending at the horizon in a range of blackish hills.” (Orwell 14).
This is one of the first examples in which we have an overall impression of the town, sort of bearly attractive where the denizens do not fancy the area. Similarly, in A Passage to India by E. M. Forster the city is considered unnoteworthy as well: “The city of Chandrapore presents nothing extraordinary. Edged rather than washed by the river Ganges, it trails for a couple of miles along the bank, scarcely distinguishable from the rubbish it deposits so freely …The streets are mean, the temples ineffective, and though a few fine houses exist they are hidden away in gardens or down alleys whose filth deters all but the invited guest. Chandrapore was never large or beautiful...” (Forster 3).
Another extract where we get a very lively sense of the place is in the jungle:
ReplyDelete“They were getting deeper into the jungle now. The light was greyish, with dazzling patches of sunlight. Whichever way one looked one’s view was shut in by the multitudinous ranks of trees, and the tangled bushes and creepers that struggled round their bases like the sea round the piles of a pier. It was so dense, like a bramblebush extending mile after mile, that one’s eyes were oppressed by it.” (Orwell 171).
Also, the author describes, in the following example, how clearly uncomfortable the characters seem, reflecting what the people feel about the place. We get a very negative visual impact through this description:
“It was getting on for ten now, and hot beyond bearing. Flat, clear drops of sweat gathered on everyone’s face, and on the men’s bare forearms. A damp patch was growing larger and larger in the back of Mr Macgregor’s silk coat. The glare outside seemed to soak somehow through the green-chicked windows, making one’s eyes ache and filling one’s head with stuffiness. Everyone thought with malaise of his stodgy breakfast, and the long, deadly hours that were coming. Mr Macgregor stod up with a sigh and adjusted his spectcles, which had slipped down his sweating nose.” (Orwell 32-33).
Another important element that sets the atmosphere is the heat: “‘Bloody, bloody, bloody, oh, how thou art bloody’...as he walked down the hot red road, switching at the dried-up grasses with his stick. ...the sun was fiercer every minute. The heat throbbed down on one’s head with a steady, rhythmic thumping like blows from an enormous bolster”. (Orwell 15).
THEMES
ReplyDeleteIn this political writing, Orwell wanted purposely to expose certain topics related to Social Injustice, Totalitarism, Depotism, such as Imperialism, Otherness, Alienation, Religion, Racism, Loneliness, Cultural Clash, among others. The most important for us are:
1.Imperialism (Postcolonialism, a feature of Modernism): Orwell was interested in portraying the sytemic abuses of imperialism. Also that Europeans were exploiting both the land and the people of Burma. What is more, Orwell shows the negligence of the British Colonial Government, disclosing the poverty, the starvation, the corruption, etc. A way of exemplifying this would be the scene when Westfield goes to the police station:
“A stout Burmese woman, wife of a constable, was kneeling outside the cage ladling rice and watery dahl into tin pannikins. ‘Is the food good?’ sai Westfield. ‘It is good, most holy one,’ chorused the prisioners. The Government provided for the prisioners’ food at the rate of two annas and a half per meal per mann out of which the constable’s wife looked to make a profit of one anna”. (Orwell 76).
Together with this negative portrayal of the colonial power, there is also a positive side, that would be the different forms of Progress, like the hospital, the police station, the school, the church, etc. This can be appretiated in a conversation that Flory has with his local friend, Dr. Veraswami: “...look at the hospital, and over to the right at that school and that police station. Look at the whole uprush of modern progress!’‘Of course I don’t deny,’ Flory said, ‘that we modernise this country in certain ways. We can’t help doing so. In fact, before we’ve finished we’ll have wrecked the whole Burmese national culture”. (Orwell 40).
2.Otherness (Postcolonialism, a feature of Modernism): the boundaries that have been drawn between the East and West, the Oriental vs the Europeans. The ‘us-other’ attitude of colonisers when they go to a new country, which could lead them to develop wrong ideas and to fail in communicating (Regulus). This separation can be seen throughtout the novel, especially in this extract when a “sea of people” is after Ellis to make justice for the newly-blinded boy: “None of them thought to blame Ellis, the sole cause of this affair; their common peril seemed, indeed, to draw them closer together for a while”. (Orwell 258).
PERSONAL RESPONSE
ReplyDeleteWe consider Burmese Days an engrossing political novel, which has presented us with a quite devastating picture of the rule by the British Crown, making notisable their corruption and social intolerance. The antipathy of George Orwell has made us reflect upon subjects that we normally take for granted, such is the matter of colonisation. In this fiction, he seems to be extremely harsh towards the systems of belief, which is essential in a Modernist writer who, in our opinion, is a bit of a Bolshie himself. On the other hand, in A Passage to India, Forster appears proempire because he provides a minor critique, not putting in doubt the British dominion over India. However, both novels have showed us a very peculiar aspect about Englishwomen. The authors expose how extremely racist, egoistical and snobby they are towards natives (SparkNotes). Both of the novels have made us laugh. For instance, Forster with his accurate description of Indian characteristics, like getting in unnecessary troubles for saying things that others want to hear. Yet, Orwell’s humour surpass Forster’s thanks to his vivid detailed pictures using few words and irony. Above all, A Passage to India and Burmese Days have entertained and provided us with cultures that are completely different from ours. Now, we feel that we have grown as readers, since these authors have awaken our curiosity and made us realise we should think more critically and not believe everything we read, watch or even listen.
ÁLVAREZ, ANA PAULA;
BERGAMINI, LUDMILA;
CASTILLO, CANDELA;
MAGLIER, NAHUEL;
MARTÍNEZ, AGUSTINA;
VERA, MARCELA.
REFERENCES
ReplyDeleteBurra, Peter. “From ‘The Novels of E. M. Forster.’” (1934). E. M. Forster: A Passage to India. Ed. Michael Bradbury. Great Britain: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1970.Pp.61-72. Print.
Forster, E. M. A Passage to India. Great Britain: Penguin Classics, 2015. Print.
García Landa, José Àngel. (ED.) A Biography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology. University of Zaragoza, Spain. Literary News. Norton Anthology of English Literature. A Literary Theory and Criticism Discussion Board. 18 Sep. 2006. Oct. 2006.
Keck, Stephen L. “Text and Context: Another Look at Burmese Days.” SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 3, Nro 1, ISSN 1479-8484. National University of Singapore. 2005. Nov 6, 2018.
LiteraryDevices Editors. “Omniscient”. LiteraryDevices.net. 2013. Web. Nov 4, 2018.
Lye, John (1998). “Some Issues in Postcolonial Theory”. Brock University Main Page. Apr 30, 2008. Nov 6, 2018.
Orwell, George. Burmese Days. Great Britain: Penguin Classics, 2014. Print.
Regulus, Antoinette. “Post-Colonialism in Literature: Definition, Theory & Examples”. Study.com. Study.com LLC. N.D. Web. Nov 6, 2018.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. England: Penguin Classics, 2003. Pp.31-36,38-39,40-41 Print.
SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on A Passage to India, by E. M. Foster”. SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. Nov 6, 2018.
Group 2: Álvarez, Ana Paula – Bergamini, Ludmila – Castillo,Candela – Maglier, Nahuel – Martínez, Agustina – Vera, Marcela
ReplyDeleteMLA STYLE: When quoting from a source, only the surname of your author plus the page are needed in MLA. E.g. You wrote: (Burmese Days 7) You should have written ( Orwell 7).
SOURCES: You have written your References and emailed them to me but you HAVE NOT SENT me the sources you used which were not in the booklet. You were instructed to copy and paste them onto a Word Doc and emailed them to me before the deadline.
These are the sources I did not have to do my job properly:
LiteraryDevices Editors. “Omniscient”. LiteraryDevices.net. 2013. Web. Nov 4, 2018.
Lye, John (1998). “Some Issues in Postcolonial Theory”. Brock University Main Page. Apr 30, 2008. Nov 6, 2018.
Regulus, Antoinette. “Post-Colonialism in Literature: Definition, Theory & Examples”. Study.com. Study.com LLC. N.D. Web. Nov 6, 2018.
SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on A Passage to India, by E. M. Foster”. SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. Nov 6, 2018.
GENERAL APPRAISAL: In spite of some omissions, you have carried out a comprehensive and comparative analysis between BURMESE DAYS and A PASSAGE TO INDIA. Moreover, your take on Modernism, the characters, setting and themes in the novel has been carefully thought out. You have passed this instance of evaluation. Good job!
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